Until recently, the Supreme Court ruled that the government cannot favor “religion over irreligion.” The religious right long argued that while the government cannot favor one religion over another, it can favor all religions over nonbelief. Now, the Court’s supermajority is enforcing this favoritism, eroding the equal rights of nonbelievers. This panel will examine how reinterpreting the First Amendment enables the exclusion of atheists from rights granted to religious adherents. As Justice Sandra Day O’Connor stated, the government must not treat people differently based on the God or gods they worship—or don’t.